Rat (Rattus sp.)
Pasir Ris, 26th May 2009

• Murine rodents (Rodentia: Murinae) of the Myanmar-Thai-Malaysian peninsula and Singapore: taxonomy, distribution, ecology, conservation status, and illustrated identification keys

This could be any of the following species of Rat commonly found in urban areas:

Oriental House Rat or Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi), formerly considered a subspecies of the Common House Rat or Black Rat (Rattus rattus)

• Ecology Asia
• The Herpetofauna and Mammals of Semakau Landfill
• IUCN Red List
• Multiple Geographic Origins of Commensalism and Complex Dispersal History of Black Rats

Brown Rat or Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

• NParks Fauna&FloraWeb
• Global Invasive Species Database
• Invasive Species Compendium
• Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe
• Animal Diversity Web
• ARKive
• IUCN Red List

Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans)

• Ecology Asia
• Global Invasive Species Database
• Invasive Species Compendium
• Animal Diversity Web
• IUCN Red List
• The Ecology of Rattus exulans (Peale) Reviewed
• Origin, Dispersal Routes, and Geographic Distribution of Rattus exulans, with Special Reference to New Zealand

Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Kranji, 30th December 2008

This Tilapia was found floating in a concrete tank full of its live counterparts at Jurong Frog Farm.

• A Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Singapore
• Tilapia: Life History and Biology
• Global Invasive Species Database

The Tilapia species commonly encountered in ponds, rivers, reservoirs and canals, and even in mangroves, estuaries, and coastal waters, is likely to be the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).

• A Guide to Common Marine Fishes of Singapore
• A Guide to the Mangroves of Singapore
• Ecology Asia
• The Tide Chaser: Freshwater Ray-finned Fishes of Singapore
• FAO Fisheries and Aquacultural Department: Species Fact Sheets
• FishBase
• Global Invasive Species Database
• USGS NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species

The Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is also known to be present in some of Singapore’s reservoirs.

• FAO Fisheries and Aquacultural Department: Species Fact Sheets
• FAO Fisheries and Aquacultural Department Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme
• FishBase
• Global Invasive Species Database
• USGS NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species

Although reddish-coloured mutants are known to occur in the Mozambique and Nile Tilapias, the so-called Red Tilapia raised for aquaculture in Asia are predominantly hybrids descended from crossing Mozambique Tilapia and Nile Tilapia. Red-coloured hybrid Tilapia strains have also been produced by crossing Nile Tilapia with Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), as well as from crossing Mozambique Tilapia and Zanzibar Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis). These strains have also been crossed with one another, with other hybrid strains of unclear parentage, as well as with wild-type Tilapia, which means that the ancestry of some Tilapia stocks may be unclear.

Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus)

• FishBase
• Global Invasive Species Database
• USGS NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species

Zanzibar or Wami Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis)

• FishBase
• USGS NAS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species

Stone Crab (Myomenippe hardwickii)
Changi, 21st May 2008

• NParks Flora & FaunaWeb
• Wild Fact Sheets
• The Tide Chaser: Stone Crabs (Phylum Arthropoda: Family Menippidae) of Singapore
• A Guide to the Mangroves of Singapore
• A Guide to Seashore Life in Singapore
• Marine Flora and Fauna of Ranong, Thailand
• Brachyuran Crabs of West Coast, India
• Crabs of Japan
• The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 2
• SeaLifeBase

Green Chromide (Etroplus suratensis)
Changi, 2nd November 2008

• Wild Fact Sheets
• A Guide to Common Marine Fishes of Singapore
• A Guide to the Mangroves of Singapore
• The Tide Chaser: Freshwater Ray-finned Fishes of Singapore
• Seriously Fish
• FishBase
• IUCN Red List
• Captive breeding protocols of two potential cultivable fishes, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) and Horabagrus brachysoma (Gunther) endemic to the Western Ghat region, Kerala